The origin of tea - Bowen Preview

The origin of tea July 9, 2010

1, the origin of tea

China has a long history of tea-drinking record, has been unable to ascertain exactly what's in the end is, and However, there is a general statement of the times. And also find evidence of significant

show, indeed many parts of the world, the habit of drinking tea from the Chinese past. So many people think that tea is the first of its kind the Chinese people,zero skateboards, other parts of the world, learning

used tea, tea cultivation habits are directly or indirectly from the Chinese past.

But some people can find evidence that the habit of tea drinking is not just invented by the Chinese in other parts of the world is the invention of tea land, such as India and Africa. In 1823, a British army major aggression found wild in India, a large tea, so people began to identify the origin of tea in India, at least, also in India. China, of course there are records of Wild tea, are concentrated in the Southwest, records also include Gansu, Hunan individual regions. Tea is a very old-dicots, and is closely related to people's lives.

in the country, but also the origin of tea in the first debate, there are several claims. Many people today found in Yunnan, a research scholar at after careful study concluded that in Yunnan Xishuangbanna is the origin of tea. Artificial cultivation of tea began in the earliest written record of the Western Han Mengshan tea. This is in the \

in fact, exactly where we are now is not important to those who drink tea. May have cultural significance. We can first take a look at some of the academic argument:

tea in the Origin time:

1. Shen Nong period: Don? Lu Yu \\Return here after the upward push on no longer. Because of this, Shen Nong became the god of agriculture.

2. Western Zhou Dynasty: Jin? Chang Qu \\\

3. Qin and Han Dynasty: Western Han Dynasty. Wang Bao, \In recent years, the Western Han Tomb in Changsha Mawangdui found buried in the inventory? \, indicating that a fairly wide Hunan tea.

we are now drinking a very ancient ancestor and his ilk, such as Jiang Taigong the same drinks, really is something people emotionally. Can give us a lot of reverie.

where tea originated research:

explore this point is often concentrated in the birthplace of tea up. The birthplace of tea, so several theories:

1. Southwest said: \\

2. Sichuan, said: clear? Gu \\In fact

Sichuan in Southwest China, Sichuan, said that the establishment, Southwest said it would set up. To Bi Xinan Sichuan said that \

3. Yunnan said: that Yunnan's Xishuangbanna generation is the birthplace of tea, this area is the plant kingdom, there are native species of tea exist entirely possible, but this statement has a \native, while tea is the activation of labor.

4. Eastern Sichuan Hubei Province, said: Lu Yu, \\The place has such a unique tea, whether it was its use as a tea, did not see the evidence.

5. Jiangsu and Zhejiang, said: Recently it was suggested that began to Hemudu culture represented by the ancient Yue ethnic culture. Zhejiang and Jiangsu province is China's tea industry, currently the most developed areas, if history can take root in this, it touches on interesting topics. In fact, I think that in ancient times, certainly more than one place of origin of tea has a natural presence. A place where tea is not necessarily able to develop the custom of drinking tea to. Shen Nong said before tea was invented, it brought in what activities? If we obtain the \

invented drinking way:

how the invention of human drinking habits? Or what is the origin of tea? Research on this issue is always tea on one of the \Because as a scholar of any tea or tea school workers, if even \Now the answer to this question has multiple answers:

1. Offerings, said: This argument that the tea and some other plant was first used as a sacrifice, and later it was found that compensation eat food and harmless, it \eventually become the drink.

2. Drugs wrote: The argument that the tea \\

3. Food, said: \

4. Sync said: \\

several theories mentioned above is the fourth most useless, which put together the previous three versions, has become their \Perhaps this explanation is the most appropriate.

Now we can demonstrate tea in China was recognized very early on and use, also very early tea cultivation and tea plucking. However, you can research, tea at all levels in society is widely popular drink, generally or in the Tang Yu, \Therefore, there is a poem Song \In other words, tea was invented, there is more than a thousand years time is not known to the public.

the origin of tea:

China was the first discovery and use of tea in the country, known as the tea country, written records show that our ancestors 3,000 years ago have started tea cultivation and use. However, as with any species of origin, the origin of tea, and there must be found in the human use of tea and tea before the long, long time until after the interval, only for people to find and use. Human experience with the tea, but also through the generations, from the local area expanded slowly opened, and they separated a long, long time, and eventually be found written records.

the origin of tea, has always been more contentious, with the research and technology development and new discoveries, and eventually reached a consensus that China is the origin of tea, and confirmed in southwest China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan is the center of origin of tea. Geological changes and human cultivation of tea began to spread this country, and gradually spread to the world.

(1)

origin and country of origin when the origin of tea? There must be documented much earlier than 3000 years ago. Historians are difficult to trace the problem, and finally resolved by a botanist. Plant taxonomy according to their approach to the root, through a series of studies, that the origin of tea has been 6,000 years to 7,000 years old.

tea originated in China, since ancient times, has been recognized by the world. Only in 1824 after the discovery of wild tea plants in India, foreign scholars in China, tea was the origin of the dispute, triggered a controversy in the international academic community. The dissent, are based on Indian wild tea, wild tea at the same time that China has not. In fact, around 200 AD in China, \years, only within the trunk of Yunnan Province for more than one meter in diameter, there are more than 10 strains. Some areas, even the wild tea populations as large as several thousand acres. Therefore, since ancient times, China has discovered large wild tea, time early, large trees, of their number, breadth of distribution, different traits, called the world. In addition, through research, India, found wild tea and tea from China into India belong to the variety of Chinese tea. As a result, China is the origin of tea then decided.

recent decades, science and botany of tea combined with changes from species climate change and geological different perspective on the origin of tea made more detailed in-depth analysis and demonstration, further evidence of southwest China region is the origin of tea. The main arguments put it simply, there are three aspects:

1. From the tea's natural distribution,

now found a total of 23 genera of camellia plants, 380 kinds, and our respect 15 genera, 260 species, and most distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan area. Camellia has been found 100 species of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau over 60 kinds of tea trees which accounted for the most important position. From the botanical point of view, center of origin of many species concentrated in one area, that indicates that the region is the center of the flora of origin. Theaceae, Camellia plant in southwest China's highly concentrated, shows that China's southwest region of origin of Camellia center, comes as the birthplace of tea.

2. From the perspective of geological changes in the mountains southwest

ups and downs, valleys criss-cross the terrain varied, resulting in the formation of many small landscape areas and micro-climate zones in low latitudes and significant differences between high and low altitude circumstances, lead to climate differences, causing the original tea growing here, slowly splitting in tropical, subtropical and temperate climate different, resulting in tea variation within species, developed into tropical and subtropical type type of large-leaved species and species of the middle of tea, as well as the middle of the temperate zone species and lobular types of tea. Botanists believe that some species where the most variation is the center of the Origin of Species. Three provinces in southwest China, is the largest of tea tree variation, most resource-rich areas, as is the center of origin of tea.

3. the evolution of the type of view from the tea

tea in its long history of system development, always tends to evolving into. Therefore, all the original type of tea more concentrated areas, comes as the origin of tea. China's southwest provinces and areas adjacent to Wild tea, tea with the original morphological and biochemical characteristics, also proved that China's southwest region is the center of origin of tea.

Second, the spread of tea

China is the origin of tea, however, on China's tea industry's contribution to mankind, mainly tea, first discovered and used the plant, and it evolved in our country and the East and the world a brilliant unique tea culture.

Chinese tea industry, initial Hing in Sichuan, then to the east and south of successive spread, resulting in the entire country. In the Tang Dynasty, but also spread to Japan and Korea, the 16th century after the introduction of the West. Therefore, the spread of tea history, divided into two lines of domestic and foreign.

1. the spread of tea in China China Southern

tea is a kind of \

(1) Sichuan is the cradle of China's tea industry (Qin and Han)

Gu pointed out that \China tea, is only slowly after the Qin unification of Sichuan spread, that is, the tea culture of China and the world, initially in Sichuan development industry. This argument has been most scholars now agree.

Sichuan tea, according to written records and research, at least dating back to the Warring States period, this time has formed a certain scale of Sichuan tea and tea for one tribute.

Sichuan tea industry on the tea industry in the early history of our prominent position, spans the time until the Western Han Wang Bao's \; Wu Yang to buy tea, \The former reflects the Chengdu area, the Western Han Dynasty when the tea is not only rife, but there is also a special appliances; from behind one can see that the tea has been commercialized, there has been such as \

Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu has become not only a consumer of tea for our center, by the later literature of view, it may also have formed the earliest tea distribution center. Just prior to the Qin, Han and even the Western Jin Dynasty, Sichuan tea in China is still an important center of production and technology.

(2) Yangtze River, or a tea center in central China (Western Jin Dynasty Three Kingdoms)

Qin unified China, Sichuan tea industry with the economic and cultural exchanges with other countries is enhanced. In particular, tea processing, planting, spread first to the south east. Chaling named as Hunan, illustrates the problem. Chaling is the Western Han Dynasty established a county to a tea and its name. Chaling neighboring Jiangxi, Guangdong border, indicating that the production of tea during the Western Han had spread to Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and neighboring regions.

Three Kingdoms, Western Jin period, with the starter culture of tea and tea growing spread in the country, and because of the favorable geographical conditions, or the central region of Yangtze River in China's position on the tea culture spread gradually replace Ba and significant important.

the Three Kingdoms, Sun Wu, according to a now Jiangsu and Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong as part of Fujian, Zhejiang, half of all land in the southeast, the region is then transmitted and the Chinese tea industry major regional development. At this point, the South planted tea scale and scope of the development of large, only drink tea, but also spread to the north gate Powerful high.

Western Jin tea industry in the Yangtze River, but also from the Western Jin period, \The set called \

(3) the Yangtze River and southeastern coastal tea industry (Southern Dynasties)

crossed the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern giants lived across the river, our health (Nanjing) became the political center in South China . During this period, because the upper class style of popular worship tea, making the South in particular, tea and tea culture, Koto has made significant development, but also further promote the Chinese tea industry to Dongnan advance. During this period, tea plants in southeast China, from western Zhejiang and then extended to the present Wenzhou, Ningbo, the coastal line. Not only that, such as \Show that the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the Yangtze River area of Yixing tea, also known together.

Three Kingdoms, the tea industry focus eastward trend of the more obvious.

(4) China Yangtze River Tea Production and Technology Center (Tang Dynasty)

, as before, before the Six Dynasties, tea production and consumption in the South, already have development, but those who do not drink more than the north. Up the mid-Tang Dynasty, such as \Central China and Northwest ethnic minority areas, are addicted to tea into a custom, so the South tea production, followed up an unprecedented boom. Especially convenient for the North South, Huainan tea, tea production has been particularly the development of more.

the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Yangtze River tea,easy indian recipes, tea production is not only greatly improved, that is tea technology, also reached the highest level at that time. This high level of results, that is, Huzhou and Changzhou Yangxian Zisun tea has become a tribute tea. Tea production and technology center, a formal transfer to the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

southern tea production, set a time of Sheng. At historical records, Anhui Keemun around, within a thousand miles, over tea, mountain exhaustive soil, tea industry in those seven or eight. Now northeastern Jiangxi, western Zhejiang and southern Anhui area, in the Tang Dynasty, the tea does have a large development. At the same time as tribute tea set in the south, greatly facilitated the southern tea technology to improve, but to the production of tea across the country and development.

by the \, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other 14 provinces, almost tea with our modern situation very briefly.

(5) the focus of Tea from East to move south (Song)

from the early years of the Five Dynasties and the Song, the national climate change from the warm winter, resulting in the southern South China Tea, more more rapid development of northern up, and gradually replace the tea

the Yangtze River area, to become the focus of the Song Dynasty tea. Mainly in tribute tea from the Fujian Guzhu Zisun to Jian tea, Tang Shi Hai Min climate has not formed the tea industry in South and South area, obviously active and developed.

focus to the South Song Dynasty tea industry mainly due to climate change, due to the temperature lower South in early spring tea, the germination delay, can not guarantee tea before the Ching Ming tribute to Kyoto. Fujian warmer climate, such as Ouyang Xiu said \As a tribute tea, Jian tea plucking, must strive for excellence, reputation is also growing, as the Chinese delegation tea cake tea making major technology center, led the South and South-min rise and development of tea. Thus, the Song Dynasty, tea has spread throughout the country. Song of the tea,

basically in line with the modern tea area. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, only tea and tea manufacturing method the evolution of the rise and fall problem.

2. tea

spread abroad as Chinese tea drinking habits of production and development of people, also had a huge impact overseas. On the one hand, the court in the coastal city of some ports for the establishment of Maritime Affairs in the regulation of maritime trade, including the tea trade, to allow foreign investors to buy tea, returned to their homeland. Emperor Shunzong of Tang Yongzhen, Japan Saicho Zen Master of Buddhism from China to return home to bring back all the tea in Omi (Shiga Prefecture). 815, Shiga, Japan, Emperor Saga to the Vatican released Temple, monks will offer delicious tea. Emperor was very pleased to drink, then vigorously promote the tea, so tea cultivation in Japan is large. In the Song Dynasty, the Japanese Zen to the West Wing to learn Buddhism in China, returned not only bring back tea seed sowing time, and according to our temple of tea method, developed their own tea ceremony. In his later years with the \Tea is a book called \

Song and Yuan period, China's foreign trade port to 89, when the ceramics and the tea has become China's major export commodities. In particular, the Ming Dynasty, the government adopted an active foreign policy, had to send seven voyages of Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, directly east coast of Africa, strengthened economic ties with these regions and trade to a significant increase in tea output.

During this period, Western Europe Eastern businessmen have come from these areas transfer of Chinese tea and tea in their promotion of the upper classes.

Wanli Emperor Wanli 30 years (1607), the Netherlands ship from Java to China's Macao tea stall transit in Europe, which is directly exported to Europe, our tea first record. After a Dutch tea most popular beverage. As the Dutch propaganda and influence, the style of tea drinking spread rapidly in English, French and other countries.

1631, the British captain of a special trip rate Mingjiao Wei te eastbound fleet, for the first time directly shipped from China to a lot of tea.

Qing Dynasty after the style of tea drinking gradually spread to some European countries, when tea first reached Europe, expensive, Dutch and British have to as a \

Later, with the amount of tea imported increased, prices have come down, a private daily drink. Since then, the Englishman became the world's biggest tea drinkers.

India is a broken black tea production and export of most countries, the tea plants from China.

India has recorded a wild tea tree, but the Indians do not know tea and tea, only to 1780, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands personnel began to import tea seeds from China, tea in India. Today, the most famous broken black tea producing Assam. That is imported from China in 1835 began to grow tea in the tea variety. Chinese experts have to guide the way tea tea, including black tea production technology race. After the invention of tea cutting machine, broken black tea began to appear, become a global staple drink.

of the 19th century, Chinese tea spread almost all over the world, in 1886, tea exports reached 2.68 million worried. Western countries language kind of \It can be said that China gave the world the name of tea, tea knowledge, tea cultivation and processing technology of tea around the world, directly or indirectly, and Chinese tea are inextricably linked. In short, China is the home of tea, our industrious and talented people to the people of the world created this spiced tea drink, it is worth being proud of.

Third, the development of tea

With the spread of tea, tea production and consumption now almost all over the country and the world's countries and regions in five continents.

China is the home of tea, coupled with a large population, vast territory, so the production and consumption of tea first in the world. Six climatic zones across China, the geographical area east Keelung, Taiwan, South coast of South Qiongya, west corner Tibetan Nancha Valley, north of Shandong Peninsula, most areas will be the production of tea, the country can be divided into four tea, including the southern tea, tea Jiangbei District, South China tea, Southwest tea. The distribution of the national tea-producing areas, mainly in southern regions, especially in Zhejiang and Hunan production, followed by Sichuan and Anhui. Gansu, Tibet and Shandong, the new development of tea, the annual output is not too much. In recent years, China's tea plantation area has reached more than 1600 mu, annual output of about 400,000 tons of tea, tea exports reached 135,000 tons or so. At the same time, with the development of tea production in China, the national tea research institutes and educational institutions have also been greatly developed, has established a sound scientific research and education network, a large number of research results has been applied, science tea, tea science and the tea industry management level is increasing, this is the development of China's tea production has laid a solid foundation.

as tea welcomed by the people of the world and become one of the three drinks, so the world tea industry very fast. Currently, there are 50 countries on five continents in tea cultivation, mainly in Asia, tea, tea production accounts for about 80% of the world's tea production for more than.

tea production and consumption have gone through thousands of years of history, people demand a new tea requirements. This is because, in social development, once people clothing,

food, shelter, transportation requirements are met, the special focus on health and cultural life needs. Tea, natural health drink that will become more and more people of all ages.

At the same time, because it contains a large number of human health and disease prevention play a composition, it will attract a large number of consumers to drink it. Tea has become an indispensable companion in life. Ancient Chinese Tea

important things progress recorded:

◆ primitive

Shennong legend tea was discovered by the times in the 28 century BC, Shen Nong times, \the \\

◆

According to Zhou, \is the earliest account of tea as a tribute.

◆ Spring and Autumn Period of Eastern Zhou

hours actually infants with Qi (547 BC 490 BC --- Park) \nothing. \That tea has as soup dishes, for human consumption. (According to \tea, \

\; bitter Tu long food, meaning beneficial \

◆ Three (Park 220 265)

history books, \tea instead of wine, \

◆ Sui Dynasty (AD 581 - 618)

tea drinking gradually began to spread, Emperor Wen illness reported case of the laity to Peng Ming services of grass, really effective. So people compete to adopt the, and gradually evolved into a social drink from the medicinal but mainly in the upper classes of society.

◆ Tang (618 - 907)

Tang is a tea as a popular drink during the expansion, and to all the people from the upper classes of society.

Tang Dali five years (AD 770) began Guzhu Hill (now Zhejiang Changxing) tribute tea built homes, each year before Qingming, launching a campaign to the Governor \

Jianzhong Tang Dezong first year (AD 780) proposed Na Zhao praise starts to collect the tea tax.

after the 8th century AD, Lu Yu \

Yongzheng Emperor Shunzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 805) Japanese monk brought tea seeds from China Saicho tea master to return. Is the earliest record of tea brought to Japan.

Tang Yizong Northern Sung Painting 15 years (AD 874) appears dedicated tea.

◆ Song Dynasty (960 - 1279)

Taizong Taipingxingguo period (AD 976) began Jian (Fujian Jianou this) Let Palace baking, special tribute tea made Beiyuan Since then, tea Dragon Group has developed greatly. Zhao Ji

Huizong in the Grand emperor (AD 1107) pro-the \

◆ Ming (1368 - 1644)

first Ming emperor Hongwu years (1373 AD), Sima tea set, tea trade specialist divisions matter.

Hongwu ZHU Yuan and 24 years (AD 1391) edict issued in September, spent tea with tea leaves tea Hing. Tribute tea from tea cake from the group to Ya Cha (loose leaf tea), tea leaves on Roasted

played an active role.

1610 Dutch tea traders from Macau, and transport into the EU. In 1916, Chinese tea marketing of Denmark. 1618, Imperial Commissioner sent into the Russian empire to the Russian imperial gift of tea.

◆ Qing (AD 1644 - 1911)

1657 China's tea market in France.

Kangxi 8 years (in 1669) printed in the East India Company shipped directly from the Banten Chinese tea into the United Kingdom.

Kangxi 28 years (1689) 150 Xiamen, Fujian tea exports fear, open directly exported to the mainland of China tea, the prelude to the British market.

1690 was the Boston Tea in China to sell franchise licenses. Guangxu 31 years (1905) Organization of tea delegation to visit China for the first time in India, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) investigated tea produced, mergers and acquisitions were part of the tea machinery, tea machinery produced propaganda techniques and methods.

1896 set up machinery tea company in Fuzhou, China's tea industry, the first mechanical.

four, tea history

earliest history of Chinese tea, Lu Yu \Early in the Shen Nong period, tea and its medicinal value has been found by the medicinal drink evolved into daily life. China has always been on the electoral tea, water and prepare, seasoning, Pengcha or disabled, and methods are quite particular about taste, and thus gradually rich, tastes of tea drinking customs and skills. This paper briefly describes the methods and customs of tea development and evolution, its roughly be divided into several stages:

spring before the first tea as a medicinal and attention. Ancient humans to learn directly with tea and tea leaf chewing are fragrant, clean mouth and the rich convergence of pleasure, As time

of tea containing chewing become a hobby. The stage can be said to drink tea for the prelude.

With the evolution of human life, health into the habit of chewing tea decoction. Wash the fresh leaves, adding Shui Zhushu home pottery, Coptis, leaves and take. Decoction made of tea, has a bitter astringent

, but rich taste, flavor and effectiveness are winning a few chips, long time, naturally develop the habit of drinking boiled fried, this is the beginning of tea as a beverage.

However, medicinal tea by the development of daily drinks, after eating as the intermediate stage. That is to tea as food, drink boiled for soup. Tea cooked, and eaten with food to reconcile.

At this point, the purpose of tea, one to increase nutrition, first as food detoxification. \Sunburn can make soup to drink \At this point, tea using methods a step forward, the use of technology at the time of cooking and seasoning tea has been noted.

Qin and Han Dynasties, tea's simple processing has begun. Fresh leaf tea with a wooden stick Daocheng pie group, and then dried or dried for storage, drinking, the first group broken up into a pot of tea, into the boiling water and add Congjiang and orange flavors. At this point tea is not only the life of the antidote, and a hospitality food. The other, as the Qin unified the Sichuan (China earlier spread of tea drinking areas), promoting knowledge and customs of the east extension of tea. Western Han Dynasty, the tea is the people's court and courtiers an elegant pastime, Wang Bao, \Three Kingdoms period, the worship style of the further development of tea, tea, cooking methods began to notice, then a \general. To the Jin Dynasty, Northern and Southern Dynasties, tea from the original rare luxury become common beverages.

Sui and Tang dynasties, the tea and more tea processed into cakes. When drinking, cooking soup and add seasoning. As the tea things on the prosperity of the emergence of tribute tea in tea cultivation and processing speed technology, the emergence of many tea, drink of the law also greatly improved. In particular, the Tang Dynasty, tea drinking become a common practice, greater advances in the way of drinking. At this point, to improve the bitter taste of tea, began to join the mint, salt, seasoning dates. In addition, use of specialized Pengcha apparatus, a monograph on tea has emerged. Lu Yu, \At this point, the choice of tea and water, cooking methods and the environment and the quality of tea drinking more and more stress, and gradually formed a tea ceremony. Before the Tang Dynasty, \

Recently, Kanazawa University in Japan have a gathering in the world tea expert's report will, at the exciting news came: from the roots unearthed in Yuyao mountain snail is Camellia tree roots, and planting time 6,000 years ago!

This means that these roots can be further confirmed if the next tea tree, then the origin of the world of tea and tea history of mankind will be able to push forward 4,000 years.

Provincial Institute of Archaeology, said researcher Guo-Ping Sun, these Camellia tree roots in 2004, Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in the snail Hill site for the first time uncovered excavated.

they are more than 1 meter above the ground at the bottom of deep discovered, and was fresh brown.